R t.test() Function - t-test

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The R t.test() function is used to perform a t-test to compare whether there is a significant difference between the means of two groups of data.

The t-test is one of the most commonly used hypothesis testing methods in statistical analysis.

The syntax of the t.test() function is as follows:

t.test(x, y = NULL, alternative = "two.sided", mu = 0, paired = FALSE, conf.level = 0.95)

Parameter description:

• xA vector of data for the first group.

• yOptional, vector of data for the second group (used for independent two-sample t-test).

• alternativeDirection of the alternative hypothesis: "two.sided" (two-tailed), "less", "greater".

• muThe mean in the null hypothesis, default is 0.

• pairedWhether to perform a paired t-test.

• conf.levelConfidence level, default is 0.95.

The output of executing the above code is:

    Welch Two Sample t-test

data:  method_a and method_b
t = 4.4029, df = 17.764, p-value = 0.0003513
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
  4.640839 13.159161
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
     84.0      75.1

From the results, it can be seen that the p-value is much less than 0.05, indicating that there is a significant difference in the scores of the two teaching methods.

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