R round() Function - Rounding and Truncation

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The R round() function is used to round numeric values and can specify the number of decimal places to keep.

The syntax of the round() function is as follows:

round(x, digits = 0)

Parameter description:

  • xInput a numeric value or numeric vector.

  • digitsNumber of decimal places to keep, default is 0, meaning round to an integer.

Example

# Create a numeric vector
x <- c(3.14159, 2.71828, 1.41421, 5.6789)

# Round to integer
print(round(x))

# Keep 2 decimal places
print(round(x, digits = 2))

# Keep 3 decimal places
print(round(x, digits = 3))

Executing the above code produces the following output:

[1] 3 3 1 6
[1] 3.14 2.72 1.41 5.68
[1] 3.142 2.718 1.414 5.679

R also provides several other rounding functions, each with different behavior:

Example

x <- c(3.7, -3.7, 3.2, -3.2)

# ceiling: round up (the smallest integer not less than x)
print("ceiling round up:")
print(ceiling(x))

# floor: round down (the largest integer not greater than x)
print("floor round down:")
print(floor(x))

# trunc: round toward zero
print("trunc truncation:")
print(trunc(x))

# signif: keep significant digits
print("signif(pi, 4) 4 significant digits:")
print(signif(pi, 4))

Executing the above code produces the following output:

[1] "ceiling 向上取整:"
[1]  4 -3  4 -3
[1] "floor 向下取整:"
[1]  3 -4  3 -4
[1] "trunc 截断:"
[1]  3 -3  3 -3
[1] "signif(pi, 4) 4位有效数字:"
[1] 3.142

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