SQL Quick Reference

SQL Statements Syntax Description
AND / OR SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
AND|OR condition		 AND: Represents logical AND
OR: Represents logical OR
ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name		 Used to modify the structure of an existing table, adding or removing columns.
AS (alias) SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name
SELECT column_name FROM table_name AS table_alias		 Used to specify an alias for a column or table.
BETWEEN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2 Used to filter records within a specified range.
CREATE DATABASE CREATE DATABASE database_name Used to create a new database.
CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, ...) Used to create a new table, defining the columns and data types of the table.
CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name)		 Used to create an index on a table's column(s) to speed up queries.
CREATE VIEW CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition Used to create a view to save the results of complex queries.
DELETE DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_value
DELETE FROM table_name
DELETE * FROM table_name		 Used to delete records from a table,DELETE FROM table_nameandDELETE * FROM table_namewill delete all records.
DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name Used to delete a database.
DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server)
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access)
DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle)
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)		 Used to delete an index on a table.
DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name Used to delete a table and all its data.
GROUP BY SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name Used to group a result set by one or more columns.
HAVING SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value Used to filter the grouped result set.
IN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...) Used to filter records matching a value in a set.
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, ...)
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...)		 Used to insert new records into a table.
INNER JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name Used to return matching records from two tables.
LEFT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name Used to return all records from the left table and the matching records from the right table.
RIGHT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name Used to return all records from the right table and the matching records from the left table.
FULL JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name Used to return all records from both tables, whether they match or not.
LIKE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern Used to filter records matching a specific pattern.
ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] 		Used to sort the result set. ASC means ascending order (default), DESC means descending order.
SELECT SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name Used to select data from a table.
SELECT SELECT * FROM table_name Used to select all columns in a table.
SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name Used to return unique distinct values.
SELECT INTO SELECT * INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name
SELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name		 Used to select data from one table and insert it into a new table.
SELECT TOP SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s)
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC] 		Returns a specified number of top records from a table, either an absolute number or a percentage.
TRUNCATE TABLE TRUNCATE TABLE table_name Used to delete all data in a table without deleting the table structure.
UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 Used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, excluding duplicate records.
UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2 Used to combine the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, including duplicate records.
UPDATE UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value, ... WHERE some_column=some_value Used to modify existing records in a table.
WHERE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value Used to filter records and specify query conditions.
Other Extensions