Linux ps command

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The Linux ps (full English name: process status) command is used to display the status of current processes, similar to Windows Task Manager.

Syntax

ps [options] [--help]

Parameters：

  • ps has a great many parameters; here only a few commonly used parameters are listed and their meanings are briefly introduced
  • -A List all processes
  • -w Widened display that can show more information
  • -au Show more detailed information
  • -aux Show all processes including those of other users

  • au(x) output format:

    USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
    • USER: Process owner
    • PID: pid
    • %CPU: CPU usage rate occupied
    • %MEM: Memory usage rate occupied
    • VSZ: Virtual memory size occupied
    • RSS: Memory size occupied
    • TTY: Minor device number of the terminal (minor device number of tty)

    • STAT: The status of the process:

      • D: Uninterruptible sleep state (usually IO processes)
      • R: Running
      • S: Sleeping state
      • T: Paused execution
      • Z: Does not exist but cannot be eliminated temporarily
      • W: Not enough memory pages can be allocated
      • <: High priority process
      • N: Low priority process
      • L: Has memory pages allocated and locked in memory (real-time system or I/O)
    • START: Process start time
    • TIME: Execution time
    • COMMAND: The command executed

Examples

Format for finding a specified process:

ps -ef | grep 进程关键字

For example, display the php process:

# ps -ef | grep php
root       794     1  0  2020 ?        00:00:52 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
www-data   951   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:15 php-fpm: pool www
www-data   953   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:14 php-fpm: pool www
www-data   954   794  0  2020 ?        00:24:29 php-fpm: pool www
...

Display process information:

# ps -A 
PID TTY     TIME CMD
  1 ?    00:00:02 init
  2 ?    00:00:00 kthreadd
  3 ?    00:00:00 migration/0
  4 ?    00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
  5 ?    00:00:00 watchdog/0
  6 ?    00:00:00 events/0
  7 ?    00:00:00 cpuset
  8 ?    00:00:00 khelper
  9 ?    00:00:00 netns
  10 ?    00:00:00 async/mgr
  11 ?    00:00:00 pm
  12 ?    00:00:00 sync_supers
  13 ?    00:00:00 bdi-default
  14 ?    00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
  15 ?    00:00:02 kblockd/0
  16 ?    00:00:00 kacpid
  17 ?    00:00:00 kacpi_notify
  18 ?    00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug
  19 ?    00:00:27 ata/0
……省略部分结果
30749 pts/0  00:00:15 gedit
30886 ?    00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
30894 ?    00:00:00 qtcreator.bin 
31160 ?    00:00:00 dhclient
31211 ?    00:00:00 aptd
31302 ?    00:00:00 sshd
31374 pts/2  00:00:00 bash
31396 pts/2  00:00:00 ps

Display specified user information

# ps -u root //显示root进程用户信息
 PID TTY     TIME CMD
  1 ?    00:00:02 init
  2 ?    00:00:00 kthreadd
  3 ?    00:00:00 migration/0
  4 ?    00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
  5 ?    00:00:00 watchdog/0
  6 ?    00:00:00 events/0
  7 ?    00:00:00 cpuset
  8 ?    00:00:00 khelper
  9 ?    00:00:00 netns
  10 ?    00:00:00 async/mgr
  11 ?    00:00:00 pm
  12 ?    00:00:00 sync_supers
  13 ?    00:00:00 bdi-default
  14 ?    00:00:00 kintegrityd/0
  15 ?    00:00:02 kblockd/0
  16 ?    00:00:00 kacpid
……省略部分结果
30487 ?    00:00:06 gnome-terminal
30488 ?    00:00:00 gnome-pty-helpe
30489 pts/0  00:00:00 bash
30670 ?    00:00:00 debconf-communi 
30749 pts/0  00:00:15 gedit
30886 ?    00:01:10 qtcreator.bin
30894 ?    00:00:00 qtcreator.bin 
31160 ?    00:00:00 dhclient
31211 ?    00:00:00 aptd
31302 ?    00:00:00 sshd
31374 pts/2  00:00:00 bash
31397 pts/2  00:00:00 ps

Display all process information, along with the command line

# ps -ef //显示所有命令，连带命令行
UID    PID PPID C STIME TTY     TIME CMD
root     1   0 0 10:22 ?    00:00:02 /sbin/init
root     2   0 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root     3   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [migration/0]
root     4   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root     5   2 0 10:22 ?    00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root     6   2 0 10:22 ?    /usr/lib/NetworkManager
……省略部分结果
root   31302 2095 0 17:42 ?    00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/2 
root   31374 31302 0 17:42 pts/2  00:00:00 -bash
root   31400   1 0 17:46 ?    00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/sbin/aptd
root   31407 31374 0 17:48 pts/2  00:00:00 ps -ef

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