Python3 os.path() Module

Python3 OS 文件/目录方法Python3 OS File/Directory Methods

os.pathThe module is part of the Python standard libraryospart of the module, specifically used for operating and processing file paths.

os.pathIt provides a powerful set of tools for performing various operations on file and directory paths, such as getting file names, determining whether a path exists, path concatenation, path normalization, etc.

os.pathThe module performs well on cross-platform operating systems, allowing the same piece of code to handle path-related issues when running on different operating systems (such as Windows, Linux, macOS).

The following are several commonly used methods of the os.path module:

Path Operations

Method Description
os.path.abspath(path) Convert a relative path to an absolute path.
os.path.basename(path) Get the last part of the path, i.e., the file name.
os.path.dirname(path) Get the directory part of the path.
os.path.join(*paths) Join multiple paths, automatically handling path separators.
os.path.split(path) Split the path into a tuple of directory and file name.
os.path.splitext(path) Split the path into a tuple of file name and extension.

Getting Path Information

Method Description
os.path.exists(path) Determine whether the path exists.
os.path.isfile(path) Determine whether the path is a file.
os.path.isdir(path) Determine whether the path is a directory.
os.path.getsize(path) Get the size of the file, in bytes.
os.path.getatime(path) Get the last access time of the file.
os.path.getmtime(path) Get the last modification time of the file.
os.path.getctime(path) Get the creation time of the file (on some operating systems, this represents the last status change time).

Path Normalization

Method Description
os.path.normpath(path) Normalize the path, eliminating redundant separators and relative path markers.
os.path.realpath(path) Get the real path of the file, resolving symbolic links.
os.path.relpath(path, start=os.curdir) Calculate the relative path, fromstarttopath。

Path Comparison

Method Description
os.path.commonpath(paths) Return the common path in a sequence of paths.
os.path.commonprefix(list) Return the longest common prefix in a sequence of paths.
os.path.samefile(path1, path2) Determine whether two paths point to the same file.
os.path.sameopenfile(fp1, fp2) Determine whether two opened file objects point to the same file.
os.path.samestat(stat1, stat2) Determine whether two files have the samestatstatus.

Platform-Dependent Functions

Method Description
os.path.splitdrive(path) On Windows, return a tuple of the drive/device part and the path part of the path.
os.path.splitunc(path) Split the shared device and path parts in the path (Windows-specific).

Example

The following example demonstrates the use of os.path-related methods:

Example

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os.path

# current file name
print(__file__)

# absolute path of the current file name
print( os.path.abspath(__file__) )

# returns the path of the current file
print(os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath(__file__) ))

The following example outputs file-related information.

test.py
/example/example-test-py/test.py
/example/example-test-py

Example

#!/usr/bin/python3 import os print( os.path.basename('/root/example.txt') ) # returns the file name print( os.path.dirname('/root/example.txt') ) # returns the directory path print( os.path.split('/root/example.txt') ) # splits the file name and path print( os.path.join('root','test','example.txt') ) # combines the directory and file name into a path

The output of running the above program is:

example.txt
/root
('/root', 'example.txt')
root/test/example.txt

The following example outputs file-related information.

Example

import os import time file='/root/example.txt' # file path print( os.path.getatime(file) ) # outputs the last access time print( os.path.getctime(file) ) # outputs the file creation time print( os.path.getmtime(file) ) # outputs the last modification time print( time.gmtime(os.path.getmtime(file)) ) # outputs the last modification time in struct_time form print( os.path.getsize(file) ) # outputs the file size (in bytes) print( os.path.abspath(file) ) # outputs the absolute path print( os.path.normpath(file) ) # normalize the path string form

The output of running the above program is:

1539052805.5735736
1539052805.5775735
1539052805.5735736
time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=10, tm_mday=9, tm_hour=2, tm_min=40, tm_sec=5, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=282, tm_isdst=0)
7
/root/example.txt
/root/example.txt

Python3 OS 文件/目录方法Python3 OS File/Directory Methods

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